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Preparing an AutoCAD drawing for 3D

Introduction

It is extremely important to set an AutoCAD drawing taking into consideration two chief bug

1. The drawing should be organised and fatigued and then as not to compromise the production drawing. This means that information technology should exist drawn in a manner that benefits both the AutoCAD outputs and the 3D outputs. Right layering, closed polylines created from a framework and simplified object positioning are examples of this process
2. The drawing should be organised to facilitate easy import / export with MAX/VIZ. Keeping a handle on what elements will need to be created as single objects in 3D and which will need to exist created as one object is very important. Also, making the layer organisation easily understandable and 'object focussed' is of import

This tutorial explains the main issues to consider when drawing in AutoCAD and preparing a drawing for apply in 3D work

Download Sample Information

In order to follow this tutorial, you may want to use the supplied files. Please read the sample data instructions before downloading.

kf301_files.aught (583kb)

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Layers and Cartoon Methods

Arrangement of all elements that are to be used in 3D using layers is vital also as a good noesis of clean, accurate drawing methods for 3D work. Remember that what looks acceptable in 2D may not work as yous want in 3D and may expect terrible. A skillful example of bad drawing is the not-utilise of arcs in the polyline command where a curved road section is represented past a series of line segments. When turned into a kerb line in 3D it will look similar the paradigm beneath:

The correct cartoon method (which is easier) produces a expert looking and authentic result in 3D

Clean and Simplify Drawing

Earlier using an AutoCAD drawing for importing into MAX/VIZ just those elements that are going to be used for 3D work need keeping in the cartoon. Inapplicable lines and text should be removed and a 'buffer' drawing used instead of a main production cartoon. The following checklist should as well be implemented before starting to utilize AutoCAD information:

• Purge the drawing of all items and nested items
• Audit the drawing
• Set UCS to World if another has been used
• Bind Xrefs
• Detach Images
• Employ Cartoon Cleanup tools if using Autodesk Map to simplify linear features and remove duplicates etc

• Finally, brandish just those elements that are going to be used and Copy and Paste into a New Drawing. Utilise Edit > Copy then Edit > Paste to Original Coordinates

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Layers

The chief method of creating objects in MAX/VIZ outlined in these tutorials is to create objects from layers. This is a direct forward procedure that allows you to think 'objects' right from the get-go

Open kf301_01.dwg in AutoCAD. This drawing contains an example layer system used for like shooting fish in a barrel import to MAX/VIZ

NOTE: Creating separate objects from 1 layer in MAX/VIZ is handled on the import options dialogs in MAX/VIZ

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Cartoon Methods

Practiced clean cartoon techniques are essential to produce good looking scenes and benefit the drawing as a whole. Together with a comprehensive layer system based on 'objects' and the use of closed boundaries using a framework layer, and the boundary command, the use of appropriate AutoCAD tools brand transition into 3D much easier. This tutorial explores some of the bones useful commands to create clean, simple, accurate lines in AutoCAD

Annotation: The cosmos of closed boundary polygons and comprehensive layer system is useful for other outputs from AutoCAD and tertiary party applications. Consign to CorelDraw or Mcolour for plan graphics, hatching areas in AutoCAD and listing of area quantities are skillful examples of extended functionality using these methods

TIP: Ever draw lines using the Polyline command. Using the Line command produces fragmented and less managable drawings

• Open kf301_02.dwg . This drawing contains some layers for a creating surfaces and a kerb for a simple landscape scheme (shown completed below)

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Building

Discover that a layer called 'Framework' has been created and there are building framework lines already drawn. These take been created using the Offset control. The landscape drawing is constructed by referencing the known positions of points and lines of the edifice - as information technology would exist constructed on-site

• Make Building layer current
• Draw > Purlieus > Pick Points - pick a point in the middle of the edifice framework lines. This creates a closed purlieus for the building on the correct layer

Note: If the Boundary command does not work cheque the following points:

1. Elements such as blocks are frozen and not turned off (AutoCAD still includes off layers when searching for a boundary)
2. The boundary extents tin can be viewed on the screen (only graphics on the present screen display are included in the boundary search)
3. All existing polylines and framework lines are 2D at zero superlative (ie non 3D polylines)
4. At that place are no gaps in any of the polylines

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Car Park

• Make Framework layer current
• Draw a framework polyline from the bottom right corner of the building vertically up using Ortho On (F8 toggles Ortho on>off)
• Offset this line 30 metres to the right
• Turn OSnap On (Object Snap) and change the Snap Settings to Endpoint. Draw a horizontal polyline from the top right corner of the  edifice horizontally using Ortho On and so that it crosses the previously drawn polyline
• Depict a ciclcle snapped to where these lines meet with a radius of v metres (this value can exist typed on the command line when creating the circle)
• Kickoff drawing a framework polyline snapped from the elevation right corner of the building with the second vertex of the polyline snapped (intersection snap) to where the circle crosses the line. Then type A at the command line (this is a polyline sub-command - wait at the command line - which allows you to draw an arc as office of a polyline). Snap the side by side vertex to where the circle crosses the vertical framework line. Then type Fifty at the command line (this takes you lot dorsum to drawing a normal line inside the polyline). Using Ortho On drag the polyline downwards and consummate the polyline as shown below. This procedure accurately offsets the car park edge and gives a rounded corner of radius 5 metres

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Outset Path and Road

• Delete the circle
• Extend the bottom horizontal building framework line to encounter the new automobile park edge framework line and Commencement the new car park edge line left 5 metres to the left. This creates a framework line for the road
• Offset the extended framework line downwardly ii metres and the original right hand vertical framework building line to the correct two metres. This creates framework lines for the start path
• Trim the lines and Delete unecessary lines so the framework looks like the image beneath. Using Ortho On depict a framework polyline that closes the road at the lower end

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Grassed Area and Planting Beds

• Using Grips with Ortho On drag the left edifice framework line downward and the line created to close the route across left and so they cross
• Using Ortho On draw a polyline line starting from the corner of the path downwards and using the Arc sub polyline command then Line sub polyline command describe the big planting bed

Annotation: Arc sub commands must simply be used after starting to draw a polyline in Line mode. Otherwise the arc 'balloons' due to it not having any management

• In the left corner of the grassed area framework create a circle snapped to the edge corner of the path framework to describe the small planting bed

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Second Path

• Draw a polyline using the Arc sub command and Line sub command to draw the heart line of the 2d path
• Offset this line 0.75 metres to the left and 0.75 metres to the correct
• Delete the centre polyline to give an initial framework for the 2nd path

• To splay the entrance points to the path Trim both ends of the path:

• Finally (to complete the framework) Fillet the corners or the path entrances. Before filleting, Join the framework polylines using Pedit then utilise the Fillet command to create a fillet of radius ii metres at each corner. Then utilize Snaps to snap a polyline to close the path ends
• Trim the circumvolve for the pocket-sized planting bed so the lines do not interfere with the creation of boundaries

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Create Surface Boundaries

Making each layer electric current in turn utilize the Boundary control to quickly create boundaries for each chemical element
Turn the Framework layer off

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Create Kerb Line

• Get-go the Car Park boundary by 0.15 metres
• Select the get-go polyline and place on the Kerb layer past selecting the Kerb Layer in the Layer Dropdown List and so pressing Esc twice. This layer volition be turned off earlier importing into MAX/VIZ as edges are created from the purlieus lines using the Loft chemical compound object

This small tutorial shows how simple the geometry should be when importing to MAX/VIZ. The drawing should contain no edge data apart from the closed boundaries that delineate all surfaces seamlessly (the subject area of this tutorial). Secondly, objects such as copse, benches, lamp posts etc should be represented by simple circle and rectangular blocks on the correct layers. These simple 2nd blocks are replaced in MAX/VIZ with 3D objects, simply are positioned in AutoCAD. Thirdly, 3D landform information in the form of contours, 3D polylines (strings) or a triangulated mesh is needed in order to transform the 2d programme into a 3D scene

NOTE: This sequence of tutorial files has been saved every bit four drawings: kf301_02a/b/c/d.dwg for reference

Checklist of Commands

Become very familiar with the post-obit commands which were all used to quickly and accurately create this uncomplicated mural plan. More than complicated plans simply repeat these commands over and again

Motion
Rotate
Copy and Multiple Copy
Offset
Trim
Extend
Boundary
Fillet > Chamfer
Pedit
Manipulation of Vertex Handles
Snap Mode On>Off and Snap Settings
Ortho

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Simplify Blocks

Complicated 2D blocks should not exist imported into MAX/VIZ if they are merely used equally markers for 3D Objects or as objects for replacing with 3D objects. Replacing blocks with much simpler blocks before importing into MAX/VIZ is straightforward in AutoCAD using the Reference Edit dialog

• Open kf301_03.dwg. This drawing contains 4 detailed graphic blocks for trees which need simplifying by replacing them with circles

• Select one of the blocks (they are all the same cake reference) and double left click. This opens the Reference Edit dialog

Annotation: The Reference Edit dialog is a feature of AutoCAD 2004 plus. Replacing blocks in previous versions of AutoCAD entails 'redefining blocks'

• Press Ok to isolate the block and open it up for editing. A small-scale toolbar appears and but the cake is available for editing. All other blocks of the aforementioned proper noun disappear and all other elements in the drawing turn grey
• Zoom to the block and depict a circle in the same position and at the same size as the tree block

• Draw a circle around the tree block on layer 0, and then delete the tree block lines
• Printing the Save back changes to reference push button to replace all references of the block with a simple circle

TIP: Some other selection for replacing blocks tin can be institute on the Express Carte/Blocks. Employ Supervene upon block with another block to apace replace a block in the drawing with another

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Import Options

Earlier importing information from AutoCAD into MAX/VIZ ii issues must exist addressed

1. If the cartoon has been created far from 0,0 on the X and Y axes, the drawing data needs to be moved closer to 0,0. This improves how MAX/VIZ handles the data in the afterwards stages and makes sure the modelling is accurate and any animation smoothen
2. The relationship between the layers and how they are configured to create objects on import needs to be understood. Then uncomplicated routines using i of two dissever import dialogs can be used to update the MAX/VIZ scene at whatever time

This department explains how to separate drawing data for MAX/VIZ from the production design drawings and how to configure the Import dialog for piece of cake update of the scene from AutoCAD

Annotation: If drawing units are in millimeters, and so likewise re-scale the drawing at this phase (it is not advisable to keep in millimeters for a landscape calibration project)

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Move to Zippo

If AutoCAD geometry is created far from zero, and then accuracy problems may occur when modelling this information in MAX/VIZ. This is due to the fact that AutoCAD is accurate to 64 decimal places, whereas MAX/VIZ is only (only?) authentic to 32 decimal places. The problem unremarkably manifests itself when animating cameras along paths when 'photographic camera shake' will occur. Large bounding boxes effectually objects are also a problem if the AutoCAD data is far from nothing considering the bounding boxes outset at 0,0

AutoCAD drawings created far from naught are usually the issue of using Ordnance Survey basemap data to outset the drawing process. Most basemap tiles are hundreds of thousands of metres away from zero on the Ten and Y airplane. Needless to say, mural drawings are frequently created far from zero

• Either move the basemaps to zero before creating the drawing and in the knowledge that other data demand not be added in a 'mapped' environment or use a separate drawing for 3D work with a known basepoint for moving geometry to zero thus:

• Open and manage a new separate drawing for importing into MAX/VIZ
• Import the following three elements needed for visualisation work into this new drawing: Closed boundary lines delineating all surfaces / Simple blocks for objects / Landform data in the form of Contours, 3D polylines (strings) or Triangulated Mesh or Grid

TIP: Use Autodesk Map 3D to attach the project design cartoon to the MAX/VIZ drawing and employ simple layer property queries to add elements to the MAX/VIZ drawing at any time. This is a very constructive method of filtering only the data needed for 3D work whilst keeping split from the production drawings. Information technology allows the original design drawing to exist changed without having to worry about layers on>off and layers that are non relevant to 3D work (drawing for 3D piece of work should exist very directly forward and near simplistic). Complicated blocks for copse, seats, lamp posts etc can even exist replaced with uncomplicated blocks as role of the process. Changing 2D plans using GIS functionality and visualising these scenarios in 3D is another advantage of using Autodesk Map 3D with MAX/VIZ

• Open kf301_04.dwg . This drawing is an example of a cartoon containing these three elements. However, if y'all wait at the coordinates of the data on the Satus Bar y'all will notice that it is far from zip

Round these coordinates up to 320000,456000

• Zoom out and record on a peice of newspaper the rounded up coordinates preferably to the lesser left of the site. The rounded up coordinates would be 320000, 456000 in this case. This happens to be in the center of the scheme, but this is Ok
• Turn on and unfreeze all layers
• Select all the elements in the cartoon and use the Move command to motion the data to zero thus:
• When prompted for the base point or deportation type 320000,456000 on the command line then Return
• When prompted for the second signal of deportation type 0,0 on the command line then Return. This moves the information from a known recorded point to 0,0

TIP: Another method involves drawing a rectangle around the site (on a layer that can be frozen) and using the bottom left corner of the rectangle as the move base point

The drawing is at present set up for import into MAX/VIZ without any problems connected to being sited far from nil. Echo this routine to movement whatever new information from the original 2nd design cartoon

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Import AutoCAD Drawing Dialogs

To control how AutoCAD data is imported into MAX/VIZ one of 2 Import Cartoon dialogs is used depending on how the data has been organised in AutoCAD and how the objects need to be organised in MAX/VIZ

Importing using the Legacy AutoCAD dialog

This dialog is the 'old' version but does have some useful features

1. You lot can import text
2. Objects are named the same as the layer they were created on in AutoCAD to help with object organisation

• Reset MAX/VIZ
• File > Import. On the Select File to Import dialog modify the Files of Blazon to Legacy AutoCAD (*DWG). Select kf301_05.dwg then Open up
• On the Dwg Import dialog select Merge and press Ok

• On the Import AutoCAD Dwg File dialog check the following:

• Press Ok

• In the Select by Name dialog annotation that all the layers have been turned into objects and that all the steps, for instance, are one object. This is Ok for some objects, but not others. Information technology is handy for the contours to be imported like this. So too the positioning blocks for landscape objects such as bollards, seating and lamp posts. However, objects such as the steps need to exist imported as split objects. To import those objects that have been imported incorrectly delete the objects and re-import having changed the import settings equally follows:

• Delete South teps bottom.01, Steps top.01, Sundial.01 and Wall.01

Importing using the AutoCAD Drawing dialog

This dialog is the most recent version and has other useful features

1. You tin select objects on layers you want to import from a layer list
2. Objects, however, are not renamed but organised in layers in MAX/VIZ

• File > Import. On the Select File to Import dialog change the Files of Type to AutoCAD Drawing (* . DWG ,*.DXF ). Select kf301_05.dwg then Open
• On The Layers Tab choose Select from list and select the post-obit layers:

• On the Geometry Tab select the following options:

• Press Ok to import the objects into MAX/VIZ
• Observe that the all objects have been named 'polyline' ie as the object 'type'. Use the Layer dialog and Rename dialog to organise the objects farther:
• Open the Layer dialog and right click over Steps bottom. Choose Select from the correct click carte du jour. This selects all the bottom pace purlieus lines

TIP: If the Layer dialog is not displaying correct click on the primary toolbar (not on an icon) and select Layers from the list

• Tools > Rename Objects. On the Rename dialog type in the Base Name, check 'Numbered' and fix the Base of operations Number to 1

• Press Rename to rename all the objects selected

All objects are now in the correct format and named correctly in order to make the modelling procedure easier

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